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Chula Sakarat
Chula Sakarat or Chulasakarat ((パーリ語:Culāsakaraj); (ビルマ語:ကောဇာသက္ကရာဇ်), ; (クメール語:Jolak Sakaraj); (タイ語:จุลศักราช), , , abbrv. จ.ศ. ''Choso'') is a lunisolar calendar derived from the Burmese calendar, whose variants were in use by most mainland Southeast Asian kingdoms down to the late 19th century. The calendar is largely based on an older version of the Hindu calendar though unlike the Indian systems, it employs a version of the Metonic cycle. The calendar therefore has to reconcile the sidereal years of the Hindu calendar with Metonic cycle's tropical years by adding intercalary months and intercalary days on irregular intervals.
Although the name ''Culāsakaraj'' is a generic term meaning "Lesser Era" in Pali, the term ''Chula Sakarat'' is often associated with the various versions of the calendar used in regions that make up modern-day Thailand. The calendar is no longer used outside of Myanmar. In Thailand, it is only used in academia for Thai history studies.
==Etymology==
The name Chula Sakarat is a loan translation from the Thai, which itself is derived from Pali ''culā'' "small" and Sanskrit ''śaka'' + ''rāja'', literally meaning "Scythian king" (the meaning was thought and held to be "era" by some of those having adopted the Indianised culture in Indochina, including the Thais).〔Busyakul 2004: 473.〕
In Thailand, this era is used in contrast with the Shalivahana era, commonly known in Southeast Asia as ''Mahāsakaraj'' or the Great or Major Era ((ビルマ語:မဟာ သက္ကရာဇ်), (:məhà θɛʔkəɹɪʔ); (タイ語:มหาศักราช); ).
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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